2,922 research outputs found
Probing Graph Proper Total Colorings With Additional Constrained Conditions
Graph colorings are becoming an increasingly useful family of mathematical
models for a broad range of applications, such as time tabling and scheduling,
frequency assignment, register allocation, computer security and so on. Graph
proper total colorings with additional constrained conditions have been
investigated intensively in the last decade year. In this article some new
graph proper total colorings with additional constrained conditions are
defined, and approximations to the chromatic numbers of these colorings are
researched, as well as some graphs having these colorings have been verified
Phase Transition of Trapped Nuclear Exciton of Long-lived Rhodium Mossbauer States
We report experimental observations of the long-lived rhodium Mossbauer
emissions by the time- and energy-resolved spectroscopy. The extraordinary
observations manifest the open-up of photonic band gap in analogy to the
superconducting gap of remarkable symmetry breakings at transition point. These
observations are of potential importance for detecting gravitational waves and
development of the two-photon gamma laser. Firstly, phase transitions shown by
spectral evolution of characteristic emissions reveal the different aggregate
exciton orderings at room temperature. Six different phases are identified by
spectra profiles emitted from the color centers. Secondly, the cascade
branching of the multipolar nuclear transition is discovered being the
spontaneous cascade down-conversion to generate entangled gammas. The
macroscopic angular distribution of entangled gammas from the polycrystalline
sample manifests a global photon-nucleus-photon bound state across the grain
boundaries. Thirdly, the gamma-energy distributions depending on exciton phases
reveal the photonic band gap typically on the order of several hundred eV.Comment: Revised by additional discover
Gamma Standing Wave in the Photonic Crystal of Resonant Rh Nuclei
In a previous report, we have shown that the rhodium lattice consisting of
resonant nuclei is an ideal photonic crystal in nature. Plenty of extraordinary
observations are attributed to the collective down conversion of the multipolar
nuclear transition; in particular the spontaneous open up of photonic band gap.
Emissions of directionality depending on the macroscopic geometry manifest that
the standing wave is global in the polycrystalline sample. In this work,
further observations of the directional emissions are summarized. By applying
an external magnetic field at room temperature, not only the predicted
macroscopic nuclear polarization but also its strong directionality are
demonstrated. The standing wave lasts for more than hundred hours at room
temperature in the single crystal despite its natural half-life of one hour.
The so-called nuclear Raman Effect between two M4 transitions of 193mIr and
195mPt and the E3 transition of 103mRh is discovered, which gives the brand new
aspects to detect gravitational waves.Comment: Subsequent work to 0707.0960v
Anomalous emissions of 103mRh biphoton transitions
In this report, the anomalous emissions, centered on the one half transition
energy 39.76/2 keV, are observed from the long-lived Mossbauer state of 103mRh
excited by bremsstrahlung exposure. Strong coupling with identical nuclei in Rh
crystals opens cascade channels for biphoton transitions
Graph Homomorphisms Based On Particular Total Colorings of Graphs and Graphic Lattices
Lattice-based cryptography is not only for thwarting future quantum
computers, and is also the basis of Fully Homomorphic Encryption. Motivated
from the advantage of graph homomorphisms we combine graph homomorphisms with
graph total colorings together for designing new types of graph homomorphisms:
totally-colored graph homomorphisms, graphic-lattice homomorphisms from sets to
sets, every-zero graphic group homomorphisms from sets to sets. Our
graph-homomorphism lattices are made up by graph homomorphisms. These new
homomorphisms induce some problems of graph theory, for example, Number String
Decomposition and Graph Homomorphism Problem
A Note On Vertex Distinguishing Edge colorings of Trees
A proper edge coloring of a simple graph is called a vertex
distinguishing edge coloring (vdec) if for any two distinct vertices and
of , the set of the colors assigned to the edges incident to differs
from the set of the colors assigned to the edges incident to . The minimum
number of colors required for all vdecs of is denoted by \chi\,'_s(G)
called the vdec chromatic number of . Let denote the number of
vertices of degree in . In this note, we show that a tree with
holds \chi\,'_s(T)=n_1(T)+1 if its diameter or
one of two particular trees with , and \chi\,'_s(T)=n_1(T)
otherwise; furthermore \chi\,'_{es}(T)=\chi\,'_s(T) when , where \chi\,'_{es}(T) is the equitable vdec chromatic number of
Distributions of full and non-full words in beta-expansions
The structures of full words and non-full for -expansions are
completely characterized in this paper. We obtain the precise lengths of all
the maximal runs of full and non-full words among admissible words with same
order
Rhodium Mossbauer Supperadiance Induced by Liquid-Nitrogen Cooling
In the previous report, we have demonstrated cascade branching channels of
the multipolar E3 transition of rhodium Mossbauer gamma via the time- and
energy-resolved spectroscopy. Moreover, superradiance in the Borrmann channel
from inverted nuclei gives gamma entanglement. In this letter, we report
further four observations of superradiance and its associated gamma
entanglement at the liquid-nitrogen temperature, i.e. (i) speed-up decay, (ii)
immediate recovery of the speed-up decay after quenching, (iii) simultaneous
suppression of gamma and K lines, and (iv) enhanced multiple ionizations.
Anisotropic superradiant channels open by quenching and recover back
immediately after quenching. Enhanced K satellites and K hypersatellites
induced by cooling are attributed to the inelastic scattering of more than
three entangled gammas.Comment: 10 page
Improper Graceful and Odd-graceful Labellings of Graph Theory
In this paper we define some new labellings for trees, called the in-improper
and out-improper odd-graceful labellings such that some trees labelled with the
new labellings can induce graceful graphs having at least a cycle. We, next,
apply the new labellings to construct large scale of graphs having improper
graceful/odd-graceful labellings or having graceful/odd-graceful labellings
Slipping magnetic reconnections with multiple flare ribbons during an X-class solar flare
With the observations of the Solar Dynamics Observatory, we present the
slipping magnetic reconnections with multiple flare ribbons (FRs) during an
X1.2 eruptive flare on 2014 January 7. A center negative polarity was
surrounded by several positive ones, and there appeared three FRs. The three
FRs showed apparent slipping motions, and hook structures formed at their ends.
Due to the moving footpoints of the erupting structures, one tight
semi-circular hook disappeared after the slippage along its inner and outer
edge, and coronal dimmings formed within the hook. The east hook also faded as
a result of the magnetic reconnection between the arcades of a remote filament
and a hot loop that was impulsively heated by the under flare loops. Our
results are accordant with the slipping magnetic reconnection regime in 3D
standard model for eruptive flares. We suggest that complex structures of the
flare is likely a consequence of the more complex flux distribution in the
photosphere, and the eruption involves at least two magnetic reconnections
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